Penguatan Inklusi Sosial dan Akuntabilitas Sosial Desa melalui Pendekatan Sekolah Lapang: Studi Program P3PD Lakpesdam PBNU di 224 Desa
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Abstract
This article examines the role of Sekolah Lapang (Field Schools) in the Village Governance and Development Strengthening Programme (Program Penguatan Pemerintahan dan Pembangunan Desa—P3PD) implemented by Lakpesdam PBNU, as an approach to strengthening social inclusion and village-level social accountability. This study employs a descriptive-evaluative approach based on programme data, institutional documents, mentoring results, and surveys using the Social Accountability Assessment Sheet (Lembar Penilaian Akuntabilitas Sosial—LPAS) in programme target villages during 2023–2024. The findings show that Sekolah Lapang contributed to the creation of more participatory community learning spaces through the institutionalisation of Village Head Decrees in 224 assisted villages and the establishment of 4,541 Sekolah Lapang committee members. The committee structure demonstrates the involvement of women, marginalised and vulnerable groups, the wider community, village institutions, and persons with disabilities, serving as an early indicator of expanded social inclusion. In addition, Sekolah Lapang has begun to function as a channel for citizen advocacy in village planning, as reflected in the involvement of 243 committee members in the Village Government Work Plan (RKPDes) drafting teams across 88 villages in 2023, and 270 committee members across 135 villages in 2024. However, LPAS results indicate that the quality of basic village services remains uneven. Posyandu services scored 77%, population administration 72%, early childhood education (PAUD) 70%, and sanitation 59%. These findings suggest that social accountability still needs to be strengthened, particularly in sanitation and early childhood education services. The sustainability of Sekolah Lapang requires the institutionalisation of village regulations, support from local governments, integration with village planning processes, and the continuous strengthening of community capacity.
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